Enhancing Refugee Protection: A Case Study of the Global Protection Cluster Approach and Local Wisdom Integration for Rohingya Refugees in Aceh, Indonesia

This article examines the implementation of a global protection cluster approach and local wisdom for Rohingya refugees in Aceh, Indonesia. The global protection cluster approach emphasizes collaboration between various stakeholders to ensure the protection and assistance of refugees. This approach is complemented by the integration of local wisdom, which takes into account the cultural, social, and economic aspects of the host community, to create a more sustainable and inclusive environment for Rohingya refugees. The Indonesian government, local government, and communities in Aceh have been commended for their generosity and support to the Rohingya refugees. Guided by Presidential Regulation No. 125 on the Care of Refugees, UNHCR works with authorities, partners, NGOs, and humanitarian actors to ensure refugees' basic needs are fulfilled. However, the number of Rohingya refugees making dangerous sea voyages in the Asia Pacific region has increased, indicating their growing desperation and the ongoing persecution they face in Myanmar. By combining the global protection cluster approach and local wisdom, this article highlights the potential for improving the lives of Rohingya


INTRODUCTION
This article delves into the comprehensive implementation of a global protection cluster approach and the integration of local wisdom to address the plight of Rohingya refugees in Aceh, Indonesia.The global protection cluster approach underscores collaborative efforts among diverse stakeholders to ensure the protection and assistance of refugees.Complementing this strategy is the incorporation of local wisdom, which considers the cultural, social, and economic dimensions of the host community, fostering a more sustainable and inclusive environment for Rohingya refugees.
Commendations have been extended to the Indonesian government, local authorities, and communities in Aceh for their generosity and unwavering support toward Rohingya refugees.The implementation of Presidential Regulation No. 125 on the Care of Refugees serves as a guiding framework for the collaborative efforts between the UNHCR, government agencies, partners, NGOs, and humanitarian actors to fulfill the basic needs of the refugees.Despite these commendable efforts, there has been a noticeable surge in the number of Rohingya refugees undertaking perilous sea voyages in the Asia Pacific region, indicative of their escalating desperation and the persistent persecution they face in Myanmar.This article sheds light on the alarming situation and underscores the imperative of addressing the root causes of this growing crisis.
By combining the global protection cluster approach with the incorporation of local wisdom, this article aims to underscore the potential for significantly improving the lives of Rohingya refugees in Aceh.It highlights the outcomes of this integrated approach, emphasizing its capacity to contribute to the development of more effective and sustainable solutions for the broader global refugee crisis.The findings presented in this article offer insights that can inform future policy frameworks, international collaborations, and humanitarian interventions to alleviate the suffering of Rohingya refugees and address the underlying challenges they confront in their pursuit of safety and security.

METHOD
In this paper, several legal research methods are used, namely: 1. Legal Document Analysis, namely analyzing related legal documents, such as presidential regulations, government policies and legislation related to refugee protection in Indonesia.Apart from that, comparisons were also made with international documents which are the basis for implementing the global protection cluster approach, including guidance from UNHCR. 2. Case Study, namely examining in depth the situation of Rohingya refugees in Aceh as a case study and analyzing the implementation of protection and assistance measures taken by the Indonesian government, the Aceh Government and related humanitarian organizations.3. Interviews and Field Observations, namely interviews with stakeholders, including government, regional officials, local communities, and representatives from UNHCR and humanitarian organizations.Apart from that, direct observations were also carried out in the field to understand in more depth the impact of implementing the global protection cluster approach and the integration of local wisdom on Rohingya refugees.
These methods will help provide a comprehensive picture of the implementation of the global protection cluster approach and the integration of local wisdom towards Rohingya refugees in Aceh, as well as highlight the successes and challenges that may be faced in the process.

GLOBAL PROTECTION CLUSTER APPROACH
The global protection cluster approach is a collaborative method that aims to improve efficiency, coordination and response to refugee crises.This concept emphasizes the importance of cooperation between various stakeholders, including governments, international bodies, humanitarian organizations, and local communities.The main goal is to create a holistic approach that is able to provide more effective protection and fulfill basic needs for refugees at various levels.
Global protection clusters involve various stakeholders, such as national and local governments, UN agencies such as UNHCR, humanitarian organizations, and nongovernmental organizations.This involvement is necessary to ensure good coordination, accurate information, and efficient resource allocation.By involving all related parties, it is hoped that synergy can be created in providing more effective protection.The global protection cluster approach not only involves humanitarian institutions, but also other sectors such as government, economy and education.Coordination between these sectors is needed to ensure that the protection provided is not only short-term but also sustainable.
Crossing borders between countries is also a focus, especially in the case of refugees crossing borders.
The success of implementing the global protection cluster approach can be seen from improved coordination, efficiency of aid distribution, and a shared understanding of refugee needs.However, along with success, challenges also arise, such as complex coordination, differences in approaches between organizations, and a lack of adequate resources.Striking a balance between success and overcoming these challenges is key to the sustainability of this approach.This cluster approach is aimed at ensuring that human rights principles are respected and protected during the response to the refugee crisis.This includes basic rights such as the rights to life, education, and health.The integration of these principles is the basis for creating a safe and dignified environment for refugees.
The success of a global protection cluster approach also depends on adequate financial support and appropriate resource allocation.Adequate funding will ensure that protection programs can be implemented effectively and are sustainable in the long term.This approach requires a continuous evaluation mechanism to measure success and assess the impact of implemented policies and programs.Learning from previous experiences is also key in improving this approach to make it more adaptive and responsive to changing situations.
The global protection cluster approach must be able to adapt to emerging new challenges, such as climate change, pandemics and armed conflict.Flexibility in responding to contemporary challenges is an important aspect in maintaining the relevance of this approach.The involvement of local communities in this approach provides a dimension of local wisdom, ensuring that proposed solutions suit the needs and culture of local communities.Community empowerment can also increase the sustainability of solutions and strengthen the integration of refugees in host communities.The extent to which this global protection cluster approach can be replicated in other contexts and become a model for responses to refugee crises in various parts of the world.The success of this approach can become the basis for developing similar models in handling the global refugee crisis.

INTEGRATION OF LOCAL WISDOM TO BUILD AN INCLUSIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR ROHINGYA REFUGEES IN ACEH
Local wisdom has an important meaning in the context of refugee protection, especially in Aceh.Local wisdom includes the values, norms and practices that develop in local society.In handling refugees, understanding and respecting local wisdom is the key to creating an inclusive and sustainable environment.The protection approach in Aceh has succeeded in integrating local wisdom as an integral part of efforts to provide protection for Rohingya refugees.This includes understanding the cultural, social and economic dynamics of the Acehnese community, so that the solutions implemented can be more relevant and accepted by the local community.
A concrete case study regarding the implementation of local wisdom in Aceh highlights the concrete efforts taken to accommodate the needs and hopes of Rohingya refugees.For example, educational programs incorporate local elements in the curriculum to facilitate the integration of refugees into local society.In the context of local wisdom, protection policies and practices in Aceh do not only focus on fulfilling basic needs, but also involve active participation and introducing refugees to local cultural values and customs.This provides a solid foundation for forming positive relationships between refugees and local communities.
In dealing with local wisdom, it is important to involve stakeholders, including community leaders, ulama, and other key elements.Good collaboration between government, humanitarian agencies and local communities is the main basis for integrating local wisdom in protection approaches.Having open and inclusive dialogue between Rohingya refugees and local communities is a key point in understanding and respecting local wisdom.This creates opportunities for cultural exchange and the formation of positive perceptions of the refugee presence in Aceh.
It is important to emphasize that the integration of local wisdom is not a static strategy, but a dynamic process that requires continuous adjustments according to developments in the situation.Flexibility in responding to community needs and aspirations is key to maintaining the sustainability of the protection approach.The positive results of the integration of local wisdom can be seen in an increased sense of mutual understanding and acceptance between refugees and the people of Aceh.This creates a strong foundation for inclusive and sustainable societal development.Even though challenges still exist, such as cultural and language differences, the integration of local wisdom continues to be a strong foundation in improving the daily lives of Rohingya refugees in Aceh.The success of this approach also provides valuable guidance for refugee protection efforts in other places with similar contexts.

THE ROLE OF THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT AND ACEH GOVERNMENT IN PROVIDING PROTECTION TO ROHINGYA REFUGEES
The Indonesian government, both at the central and regional levels, plays a central role in providing protection to Rohingya refugees who come to Aceh.The central government has a major responsibility in formulating national policies regarding refugee management.Along with this, the Aceh regional government has an important role in implementing this policy, considering that Aceh is the main arrival point for Rohingya refugees in Indonesia.
The Indonesian central government, through various related ministries, has established policies governing protection and assistance for Rohingya refugees.Evaluation of this policy is crucial in determining the extent to which protection efforts have been carried out.Concrete steps taken by the Indonesian government include administrative handling, refugee placement, and facilitating access to health and education services.The Aceh regional government, as the host for Rohingya refugees, also has a significant role in providing protection and supporting their continued survival.Local government involvement is not only limited to administrative aspects, but also includes coordination with local communities to ensure good social integration between refugees and local communities.
Evaluation of central and regional government policies includes aspects of effectiveness, efficiency and positive impact on the living conditions of Rohingya refugees in Aceh.Concrete steps such as the provision of health and education services, as well as refugee placement policies, are the focus in evaluating the extent to which protection for refugees has been realized.The importance of synergy between the central government and regional governments in providing protection to Rohingya refugees is a central aspect in evaluating the success of policy implementation.Good coordination and communication efforts between government agencies at the central and regional levels are key in ensuring holistic protection for refugees.
The concrete steps taken by the Indonesian government and the Aceh regional government not only cover aspects of the physical welfare of refugees but also fulfill their psychosocial needs.This evaluation needs to pay attention to the extent to which these efforts lead to the creation of an inclusive and sustainable environment in Aceh.Policy evaluation and concrete steps are the basis for continuous improvement and improvement in providing protection to Rohingya refugees.Critical analysis of the implementation of this policy can provide the insights needed to overcome challenges and increase the effectiveness of steps taken by the Indonesian government and the regional government of Aceh.The involvement of local communities is also an important part of the Aceh regional government's role in providing protection to Rohingya refugees.Collaboration with local communities helps create an environment that supports the social and economic integration of refugees, while minimizing the potential for conflict.
Overall, the role of the Indonesian government and the Aceh regional government is not only limited to providing physical protection, but also to efforts to create conditions that support the development of a sustainable life for Rohingya refugees.This evaluation is the basis for formulating future steps in dealing with refugee issues more effectively in the future.

UNHCR'S ROLE IN COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF GPC
UNHCR, or the UN Refugee Agency, plays a central role in coordinating and implementing the global protection cluster approach in Aceh, Indonesia.As a special agency responsible for protecting and assisting refugees, UNHCR has a mandate to collaborate with governments, humanitarian organizations and other relevant parties.In the context of the global protection cluster, UNHCR acts as the main coordinator to ensure that various stakeholders work together effectively.
The important role of UNHCR can be seen in its efforts to align policies and programs that support the cluster approach.UNHCR not only acts as a provider of direct assistance to refugees but also as a catalyst in establishing close cooperation between the Indonesian government, the Aceh regional government, humanitarian organizations and nongovernmental organizations.This step supports better integration between various initiatives and minimizes the potential for overlap or imbalance in addressing the Rohingya refugee issue.
In the coordination process, UNHCR functions as a mediator to facilitate dialogue and mutual understanding between the parties involved.This collaboration involves regular meetings, information exchange, and the creation of joint strategies to address concrete challenges faced by refugees and host communities.UNHCR also plays a role in developing guidelines and guidelines to ensure that the cluster approach is implemented in accordance with international standards and national policies.
In addition, UNHCR plays an important role in distributing resources and assistance to refugees.Through collaboration with relevant parties, UNHCR can ensure that refugees' basic needs are met effectively.This involves the distribution of food, clean water, temporary shelter, and access to health services.With good coordination, UNHCR tries to ensure that this assistance reaches the target and is managed efficiently.
UNHCR's collaboration with related parties includes humanitarian organizations and non-governmental organizations.In this context, UNHCR builds strategic partnerships with various organizations that have particular expertise and capacity in areas such as education, health and employment.Such partnerships enable broader use of resources and expertise, so that the positive impact is greater for Rohingya refugees.In order to achieve optimal effectiveness, UNHCR is also involved in various discussion forums and coordination meetings, both at local and international levels.This enables the exchange of information, consideration of actual challenges, and the formation of joint strategies.UNHCR actively participates in these forums to ensure that diverse perspectives and interests are accommodated, and solutions can be generated collaboratively.
The importance of UNHCR coordination with relevant parties is reflected in its contribution to policies and regulations relating to refugees in Aceh.UNHCR plays a role in providing input and suggestions to the Indonesian government and related institutions to improve protection policies and practices.In this way, UNHCR is not only a field implementer but also a strategic partner in efforts to improve the conditions of Rohingya refugees.
In conclusion, UNHCR's role in coordinating and implementing the global protection cluster approach in Aceh includes coordinative, distributive and collaborative functions.By acting as the primary coordinator, UNHCR not only provides direct assistance to refugees but also establishes a framework that enables effective collaboration between various stakeholders.Collaboration with stakeholders, such as humanitarian organizations and non-governmental organizations, involves distributing resources, exchanging expertise, and establishing joint solutions.As an active partner in coordination forums, UNHCR also contributes to policy making that supports efforts to protect Rohingya refugees and empower host communities.

CHALLENGES AND SUCCESS OF GPC IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation of the global protection cluster approach and the integration of local wisdom towards Rohingya refugees in Aceh did not proceed without significant obstacles.One of the main obstacles is the complexity of cooperation between various stakeholders, including governments, humanitarian agencies and local communities.Disputes regarding policies and priorities often become challenges that require harmonization efforts.there has been commendable success in this implementation.The assistance and protection provided by the Indonesian government, the Aceh regional government, and various humanitarian organizations have had a significant positive impact on the living conditions of Rohingya refugees.With educational facilities, health services and economic sustainability programs, they can overcome most of the challenges they face when they first arrive.
Short-term impact analysis shows positive changes in refugees' access to basic services, as well as reduced health and security risks.There has also been a better understanding of the specific needs of Rohingya refugees by involved parties.However, it should be noted that long-term impacts still require further monitoring and evaluation.Changes in the integration of refugee communities with local society as well as possible changes in government policies can be important aspects that need to be taken into account in longterm analysis.
In response to challenges, corrective steps are continuously being taken to increase implementation of this approach.Continuous dialogue with all parties involved is key to responding to the complex dynamics of the refugee situation.Breakthroughs such as developing training programs to understand and respect local wisdom are also proactive steps in overcoming obstacles that may arise.The successes and challenges faced in implementing the global protection cluster approach and the integration of local wisdom provide a more complete picture of the dynamics and complexity in dealing with the refugee crisis in Aceh, Indonesia.Analyzing and understanding these two sides of the coin provides an important foundation for developing more effective and sustainable strategies for protecting and assisting Rohingya refugees in the future.

IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF REFUGEES IN ACEH THROUGH THE GPC APPROACH
The global protection cluster approach and integration of local wisdom in Aceh have had a significant positive impact on the quality of life of Rohingya refugees.One important aspect of this improvement is in the field of education.Through collaboration between UNHCR, the government, and local educational institutions, access to education for refugee children has been expanded.Learning programs not only cover academic subjects but also integrate elements of Rohingya culture to ensure a holistic educational experience.In the health sector, the cluster approach involves efforts to increase Rohingya refugees' access to quality health services.This includes vaccination programs, regular health check-ups, and access to medical facilities.Local wisdom is also used to identify traditional health practices that can strengthen formal medical efforts.
The improvement in quality of life is also reflected in the employment sector.By involving local communities in economic initiatives, refugees are empowered to contribute to the local economy.Skills training programs and joint employment opportunities have helped create new jobs, strengthening refugees' competitiveness in the job market.Local wisdom is integrated into economic empowerment programs, ensuring that the livelihoods chosen by refugees are in line with local values and traditions.In this way, economic empowerment not only improves the standard of living of refugees but also strengthens relations between refugee communities and host communities.
An emphasis on psychosocial well-being is also an integral part of this approach.Mental and psychosocial support programs are designed taking into account the traumatic experiences that refugees may have experienced.This involves local wisdom to create a safe space and support the healing process.An inclusive approach to refugees' quality of life involves their active participation in decisions that affect their daily lives.Community participation mechanisms are strengthened to ensure that refugees' aspirations and needs are respected and integrated into protection and assistance programs.These steps create an inclusive environment, where refugees can feel accepted and supported by local communities.Local wisdom is implemented in an effort to build cultural and social bridges between refugees and host communities.
Improvements in quality of life can also be seen in inclusive policies that accommodate the special needs of refugees, including children, women and other vulnerable groups.This includes specific protective measures and support tailored to individual needs.
The use of technology and innovation is also an integral part of improving the quality of life, including the use of applications or online platforms to facilitate access to information, health services and education for refugees.Thus, through a global protection cluster approach integrated with local wisdom, the quality of life of Rohingya refugees in Aceh has experienced a marked improvement, including better education, better access to health, and wider economic opportunities.

LATEST CHALLENGES
The latest challenge that has emerged in the context of Rohingya refugees in Aceh is the increasing number of those making sea journeys in the Asia Pacific region.This phenomenon shows the escalation of insecurity and persecution still faced by the Rohingya people in Myanmar, forcing them to seek further protection in the region.This significant increase is a serious signal of the ongoing escalation of the humanitarian crisis.Key driving factors include inadequate living conditions, uncertainty about the future, and persistent threats to human rights in Myanmar.This condition creates a situation where the Rohingya people feel forced to leave their homeland for safety and protection.
Steps to address these challenges must include close regional cooperation between countries in the Asia Pacific region.Establishing regional cooperation mechanisms can help mitigate the negative impact of the surge in refugee numbers and ensure that responsibility is shared fairly among the countries concerned.The importance of analyzing the factors driving the sea journey of Rohingya refugees is key in formulating effective strategies.In-depth research is needed on conditions in Myanmar, including the social, economic and political aspects that force the Rohingya people to seek refuge abroad.
Efforts to overcome this challenge must also include a preventative approach.This could include active diplomacy to pressure authorities in Myanmar to improve the human rights situation, create better economic opportunities, and ensure the Rohingya community's access to adequate education and health services.In addition, sea travel must be handled carefully to prevent humanitarian tragedies at sea.Collaboration with international institutions, such as UNHCR, to provide assistance and protection to refugees during sea journeys is an urgent need.
The importance of building global awareness of the Rohingya crisis and their maritime journey must be a primary focus in addressing this challenge.This requires cross-sector collaboration from government, NGOs and civil society to increase international understanding and support for efforts to overcome this crisis.Supporting the governments of Indonesia and Aceh in managing the surge in refugee numbers needs to be a priority.This could involve the allocation of adequate resources, including safe shelter facilities and adequate health services, to support the successful integration of Rohingya refugees in the region.
The urgent importance of solving problems at the root level needs to be emphasized, namely by addressing conflicts and human rights violations in Myanmar.Diplomatic mechanisms and international pressure on the Myanmar government are key to ensuring security and protection for the Rohingya people.In overcoming these challenges, collaboration between governments, humanitarian organizations and the private sector is also important.Active involvement of all stakeholders can form comprehensive and sustainable solutions to overcome the current challenges faced by Rohingya refugees in the Asia Pacific region.

CONTRIBUTION TO A GLOBAL SOLUTION IN THE REFUGEE CRISIS
The global protection cluster approach and integration of local wisdom towards Rohingya refugees in Aceh not only has a local impact, but also makes a significant contribution to the global solution to the refugee crisis.This approach provides a collaborative, reproductive model between governments, international institutions and humanitarian organizations.This collaboration can be used as an example for other countries in handling the refugee crisis.The successful integration of local wisdom provides valuable lessons for international policies regarding refugees.Implementing policies that take into account local context can increase effectiveness and public acceptance.
Apart from that, Aceh's success in handling Rohingya refugees can strengthen regional cooperation.Countries in the Asia Pacific region can learn from the approaches that have been taken to improve collective responses to the refugee crisis.The integration of local wisdom in this approach can provide a basis for protecting the human rights of refugees.This is a positive contribution in strengthening the legal basis and international norms regarding refugee rights.Successful implementation of this approach can increase international solidarity.Countries can respond to refugee crises more efficiently and support each other to achieve sustainable solutions.By addressing the refugee crisis holistically, this approach can help reduce regional tensions.Effective collaboration can create stability in affected areas.
By involving local wisdom, this approach empowers local communities in handling the refugee crisis.This empowerment has a positive impact on the independence and integration of refugees in the local community.The successful experience in Aceh can be the best model that can be replicated at the global level.Countries can adopt best practices to improve their response to refugee crises.By focusing on local wisdom, this approach can encourage international agreements to resolve the root of problems in the refugees' countries of origin.Long-term solutions can help reduce the number of refugees and create global stability.Through this positive contribution, this approach has a long-term impact on global issues related to refugees and provides an impetus for increasing international cooperation in dealing with the refugee crisis.

CONCLUSION
In this research, we highlight several main findings related to the implementation of the global protection cluster approach and the integration of local wisdom towards Rohingya refugees in Aceh, Indonesia.First, this approach has made a positive contribution to improving the quality of life of refugees through more holistic protection and integration of local wisdom.However, other findings note the existence of challenges, especially related to the increasing number of Rohingya refugees making sea journeys in the Asia Pacific region, indicating the need for further solutions.

RECOMMENDATION
Several recommendations that can be given are: Strengthening International Collaboration; There is a Deeper Integration of Local Wisdom; The need to address maritime challenges by increasing maritime patrols and coordination between countries in the region; Evaluation of Government Policy; and Strengthening Local Community Participation.It is hoped that these recommendations will help the government, humanitarian organizations and other stakeholders to improve and further develop the approaches that have been taken, with the ultimate aim of improving the welfare and