Analisis Hukum Tentang Pergeseran Paradigma Pemidanaan Dari Retributif Ke Restoratif Dalam Kuhp Baru
Keywords:
criminal law, criminal paradigm, restorative justice, new criminal codeAbstract
Criminal law has a fundamental role in maintaining social order and protecting human values in social life. The Indonesian criminal law system, which for more than a century has been sourced from the Dutch colonial legacy, has tended to be oriented towards the retributive paradigm, namely the imposition of penalties as a form of retribution against the perpetrators of crimes. This paradigm places the perpetrator as the object of punishment, without considering the victim's recovery and disturbed social balance. The birth of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (New Criminal Code) marks a fundamental change in the national criminal system, namely a paradigm shift from a retributive approach to a restorative justice approach. This new paradigm places punishment not just to inflict suffering, but as a means of restoring the relationship between the perpetrator, the victim, and the community. This research uses normative legal research methods with conceptual approaches and legislative approaches. The legal materials used include primary legal materials in the form of laws and regulations, secondary legal materials in the form of literature and scientific journals, and tertiary legal materials in the form of legal encyclopedias and legal dictionaries. The analysis was carried out qualitatively by interpreting relevant legal norms and criminal theories. The results of the study show that the New Criminal Code brings a more humane, fair, and harmonious criminal paradigm that is in line with Pancasila values. Articles 51 and 52 of the New Criminal Code explicitly affirm that the purpose of punishment must consider the balance between the interests of the community, victims, and perpetrators, and uphold human dignity. This shift has significant juridical implications for the national criminal justice system, including a change in the orientation of law enforcement from retaliation to rehabilitation, the expansion of rehabilitative criminal types, and the increased role of the community in resolving legal conflicts. However, the implementation of restorative justice requires the readiness of law enforcement officials, institutional support, and changes in the legal culture so as not to cause legal uncertainty.
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