A Legal Review Of A Murder Perpetrator In The Defense Of Noodwear Excess (Decision Study Number: 26/Pid.B/2014/Pn.Atb)
Keywords:
Noodweer excess, Principle of proportionality, Individualization of punishmentAbstract
Excessive self-defense (noodweer excess) is a recurring issue in Indonesian criminal cases, especially assault and homicide, where offenders act beyond reasonableness due to psychological shock or intense emotions causing loss of control. Although Article 49(2) of the Penal Code normatively recognizes it as a ground for excluding liability, in practice as in Decision No. 26/Pid.B/2014/PN.ATB the court still imposed a seven-year sentence, creating tension between das sein (legal reality) and das sollen (normative law). This study examines whether the decision aligns with the principle of proportionality and reviews judicial reasoning in determining guilt. Using a normative juridical method with statutory and interpretative approaches, analyzed qualitatively through secondary data, the findings reveal that the court treated the act as ordinary murder, disregarding the defendant’s psychological distress, thereby neglecting proportionality and potentially conflicting with Article 49(2). The novelty of this study lies in emphasizing the defendant’s psychological condition as a crucial judicial consideration in noodweer excess cases. It concludes that the legal application has not fully reflected substantive justice and recommends enhancing judges’ understanding and training on proportionality for fairer rulings.
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